# orm/instrumentation.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2018 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php

"""Defines SQLAlchemy's system of class instrumentation.

This module is usually not directly visible to user applications, but
defines a large part of the ORM's interactivity.

instrumentation.py deals with registration of end-user classes
for state tracking.   It interacts closely with state.py
and attributes.py which establish per-instance and per-class-attribute
instrumentation, respectively.

The class instrumentation system can be customized on a per-class
or global basis using the :mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.instrumentation`
module, which provides the means to build and specify
alternate instrumentation forms.

.. versionchanged: 0.8
   The instrumentation extension system was moved out of the
   ORM and into the external :mod:`sqlalchemy.ext.instrumentation`
   package.  When that package is imported, it installs
   itself within sqlalchemy.orm so that its more comprehensive
   resolution mechanics take effect.

"""


from . import exc, collections, interfaces, state
from .. import util
from . import base


_memoized_key_collection = util.group_expirable_memoized_property()


class ClassManager(dict):
    """tracks state information at the class level."""

    MANAGER_ATTR = base.DEFAULT_MANAGER_ATTR
    STATE_ATTR = base.DEFAULT_STATE_ATTR

    _state_setter = staticmethod(util.attrsetter(STATE_ATTR))

    deferred_scalar_loader = None

    original_init = object.__init__

    factory = None

    def __init__(self, class_):
        self.class_ = class_
        self.info = {}
        self.new_init = None
        self.local_attrs = {}
        self.originals = {}

        self._bases = [mgr for mgr in [
            manager_of_class(base)
            for base in self.class_.__bases__
            if isinstance(base, type)
        ] if mgr is not None]

        for base in self._bases:
            self.update(base)

        self.dispatch._events._new_classmanager_instance(class_, self)
        # events._InstanceEventsHold.populate(class_, self)

        for basecls in class_.__mro__:
            mgr = manager_of_class(basecls)
            if mgr is not None:
                self.dispatch._update(mgr.dispatch)
        self.manage()
        self._instrument_init()

        if '__del__' in class_.__dict__:
            util.warn("__del__() method on class %s will "
                      "cause unreachable cycles and memory leaks, "
                      "as SQLAlchemy instrumentation often creates "
                      "reference cycles.  Please remove this method." %
                      class_)

    def __hash__(self):
        return id(self)

    def __eq__(self, other):
        return other is self

    @property
    def is_mapped(self):
        return 'mapper' in self.__dict__

    @_memoized_key_collection
    def _all_key_set(self):
        return frozenset(self)

    @_memoized_key_collection
    def _collection_impl_keys(self):
        return frozenset([
            attr.key for attr in self.values() if attr.impl.collection])

    @_memoized_key_collection
    def _scalar_loader_impls(self):
        return frozenset([
            attr.impl for attr in
            self.values() if attr.impl.accepts_scalar_loader])

    @util.memoized_property
    def mapper(self):
        # raises unless self.mapper has been assigned
        raise exc.UnmappedClassError(self.class_)

    def _locate_owning_manager(self, attribute):
        """Scan through all instrumented classes in our hierarchy
        searching for the given object as an attribute, and return
        the bottommost owner.

        E.g.::

            foo = foobar()

            class Parent:
                attr = foo

            class Child(Parent):
                pass

        Child.manager._locate_owning_manager(foo) would
        give us Parent.

        Needed by association proxy to correctly figure out the
        owning class when the attribute is accessed.

        """

        stack = [None]
        for supercls in self.class_.__mro__:
            mgr = manager_of_class(supercls)
            if not mgr:
                continue
            for key in set(supercls.__dict__):
                val = supercls.__dict__[key]
                if val is attribute:
                    stack.append(mgr)
                    continue
        return stack[-1]

    def _all_sqla_attributes(self, exclude=None):
        """return an iterator of all classbound attributes that are
        implement :class:`.InspectionAttr`.

        This includes :class:`.QueryableAttribute` as well as extension
        types such as :class:`.hybrid_property` and
        :class:`.AssociationProxy`.

        """
        if exclude is None:
            exclude = set()
        for supercls in self.class_.__mro__:
            for key in set(supercls.__dict__).difference(exclude):
                exclude.add(key)
                val = supercls.__dict__[key]
                if isinstance(val, interfaces.InspectionAttr):
                    yield key, val

    def _get_class_attr_mro(self, key, default=None):
        """return an attribute on the class without tripping it."""

        for supercls in self.class_.__mro__:
            if key in supercls.__dict__:
                return supercls.__dict__[key]
        else:
            return default

    def _attr_has_impl(self, key):
        """Return True if the given attribute is fully initialized.

        i.e. has an impl.
        """

        return key in self and self[key].impl is not None

    def _subclass_manager(self, cls):
        """Create a new ClassManager for a subclass of this ClassManager's
        class.

        This is called automatically when attributes are instrumented so that
        the attributes can be propagated to subclasses against their own
        class-local manager, without the need for mappers etc. to have already
        pre-configured managers for the full class hierarchy.   Mappers
        can post-configure the auto-generated ClassManager when needed.

        """
        manager = manager_of_class(cls)
        if manager is None:
            manager = _instrumentation_factory.create_manager_for_cls(cls)
        return manager

    def _instrument_init(self):
        # TODO: self.class_.__init__ is often the already-instrumented
        # __init__ from an instrumented superclass.  We still need to make
        # our own wrapper, but it would
        # be nice to wrap the original __init__ and not our existing wrapper
        # of such, since this adds method overhead.
        self.original_init = self.class_.__init__
        self.new_init = _generate_init(self.class_, self)
        self.install_member('__init__', self.new_init)

    def _uninstrument_init(self):
        if self.new_init:
            self.uninstall_member('__init__')
            self.new_init = None

    @util.memoized_property
    def _state_constructor(self):
        self.dispatch.first_init(self, self.class_)
        return state.InstanceState

    def manage(self):
        """Mark this instance as the manager for its class."""

        setattr(self.class_, self.MANAGER_ATTR, self)

    def dispose(self):
        """Dissasociate this manager from its class."""

        delattr(self.class_, self.MANAGER_ATTR)

    @util.hybridmethod
    def manager_getter(self):
        return _default_manager_getter

    @util.hybridmethod
    def state_getter(self):
        """Return a (instance) -> InstanceState callable.

        "state getter" callables should raise either KeyError or
        AttributeError if no InstanceState could be found for the
        instance.
        """

        return _default_state_getter

    @util.hybridmethod
    def dict_getter(self):
        return _default_dict_getter

    def instrument_attribute(self, key, inst, propagated=False):
        if propagated:
            if key in self.local_attrs:
                return  # don't override local attr with inherited attr
        else:
            self.local_attrs[key] = inst
            self.install_descriptor(key, inst)
        _memoized_key_collection.expire_instance(self)
        self[key] = inst

        for cls in self.class_.__subclasses__():
            manager = self._subclass_manager(cls)
            manager.instrument_attribute(key, inst, True)

    def subclass_managers(self, recursive):
        for cls in self.class_.__subclasses__():
            mgr = manager_of_class(cls)
            if mgr is not None and mgr is not self:
                yield mgr
                if recursive:
                    for m in mgr.subclass_managers(True):
                        yield m

    def post_configure_attribute(self, key):
        _instrumentation_factory.dispatch.\
            attribute_instrument(self.class_, key, self[key])

    def uninstrument_attribute(self, key, propagated=False):
        if key not in self:
            return
        if propagated:
            if key in self.local_attrs:
                return  # don't get rid of local attr
        else:
            del self.local_attrs[key]
            self.uninstall_descriptor(key)
        _memoized_key_collection.expire_instance(self)
        del self[key]
        for cls in self.class_.__subclasses__():
            manager = manager_of_class(cls)
            if manager:
                manager.uninstrument_attribute(key, True)

    def unregister(self):
        """remove all instrumentation established by this ClassManager."""

        self._uninstrument_init()

        self.mapper = self.dispatch = None
        self.info.clear()

        for key in list(self):
            if key in self.local_attrs:
                self.uninstrument_attribute(key)

    def install_descriptor(self, key, inst):
        if key in (self.STATE_ATTR, self.MANAGER_ATTR):
            raise KeyError("%r: requested attribute name conflicts with "
                           "instrumentation attribute of the same name." %
                           key)
        setattr(self.class_, key, inst)

    def uninstall_descriptor(self, key):
        delattr(self.class_, key)

    def install_member(self, key, implementation):
        if key in (self.STATE_ATTR, self.MANAGER_ATTR):
            raise KeyError("%r: requested attribute name conflicts with "
                           "instrumentation attribute of the same name." %
                           key)
        self.originals.setdefault(key, getattr(self.class_, key, None))
        setattr(self.class_, key, implementation)

    def uninstall_member(self, key):
        original = self.originals.pop(key, None)
        if original is not None:
            setattr(self.class_, key, original)

    def instrument_collection_class(self, key, collection_class):
        return collections.prepare_instrumentation(collection_class)

    def initialize_collection(self, key, state, factory):
        user_data = factory()
        adapter = collections.CollectionAdapter(
            self.get_impl(key), state, user_data)
        return adapter, user_data

    def is_instrumented(self, key, search=False):
        if search:
            return key in self
        else:
            return key in self.local_attrs

    def get_impl(self, key):
        return self[key].impl

    @property
    def attributes(self):
        return iter(self.values())

    # InstanceState management

    def new_instance(self, state=None):
        instance = self.class_.__new__(self.class_)
        if state is None:
            state = self._state_constructor(instance, self)
        self._state_setter(instance, state)
        return instance

    def setup_instance(self, instance, state=None):
        if state is None:
            state = self._state_constructor(instance, self)
        self._state_setter(instance, state)

    def teardown_instance(self, instance):
        delattr(instance, self.STATE_ATTR)

    def _serialize(self, state, state_dict):
        return _SerializeManager(state, state_dict)

    def _new_state_if_none(self, instance):
        """Install a default InstanceState if none is present.

        A private convenience method used by the __init__ decorator.

        """
        if hasattr(instance, self.STATE_ATTR):
            return False
        elif self.class_ is not instance.__class__ and \
                self.is_mapped:
            # this will create a new ClassManager for the
            # subclass, without a mapper.  This is likely a
            # user error situation but allow the object
            # to be constructed, so that it is usable
            # in a non-ORM context at least.
            return self._subclass_manager(instance.__class__).\
                _new_state_if_none(instance)
        else:
            state = self._state_constructor(instance, self)
            self._state_setter(instance, state)
            return state

    def has_state(self, instance):
        return hasattr(instance, self.STATE_ATTR)

    def has_parent(self, state, key, optimistic=False):
        """TODO"""
        return self.get_impl(key).hasparent(state, optimistic=optimistic)

    def __bool__(self):
        """All ClassManagers are non-zero regardless of attribute state."""
        return True

    __nonzero__ = __bool__

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<%s of %r at %x>' % (
            self.__class__.__name__, self.class_, id(self))


class _SerializeManager(object):
    """Provide serialization of a :class:`.ClassManager`.

    The :class:`.InstanceState` uses ``__init__()`` on serialize
    and ``__call__()`` on deserialize.

    """

    def __init__(self, state, d):
        self.class_ = state.class_
        manager = state.manager
        manager.dispatch.pickle(state, d)

    def __call__(self, state, inst, state_dict):
        state.manager = manager = manager_of_class(self.class_)
        if manager is None:
            raise exc.UnmappedInstanceError(
                inst,
                "Cannot deserialize object of type %r - "
                "no mapper() has "
                "been configured for this class within the current "
                "Python process!" %
                self.class_)
        elif manager.is_mapped and not manager.mapper.configured:
            manager.mapper._configure_all()

        # setup _sa_instance_state ahead of time so that
        # unpickle events can access the object normally.
        # see [ticket:2362]
        if inst is not None:
            manager.setup_instance(inst, state)
        manager.dispatch.unpickle(state, state_dict)


class InstrumentationFactory(object):
    """Factory for new ClassManager instances."""

    def create_manager_for_cls(self, class_):
        assert class_ is not None
        assert manager_of_class(class_) is None

        # give a more complicated subclass
        # a chance to do what it wants here
        manager, factory = self._locate_extended_factory(class_)

        if factory is None:
            factory = ClassManager
            manager = factory(class_)

        self._check_conflicts(class_, factory)

        manager.factory = factory

        self.dispatch.class_instrument(class_)
        return manager

    def _locate_extended_factory(self, class_):
        """Overridden by a subclass to do an extended lookup."""
        return None, None

    def _check_conflicts(self, class_, factory):
        """Overridden by a subclass to test for conflicting factories."""
        return

    def unregister(self, class_):
        manager = manager_of_class(class_)
        manager.unregister()
        manager.dispose()
        self.dispatch.class_uninstrument(class_)
        if ClassManager.MANAGER_ATTR in class_.__dict__:
            delattr(class_, ClassManager.MANAGER_ATTR)

# this attribute is replaced by sqlalchemy.ext.instrumentation
# when importred.
_instrumentation_factory = InstrumentationFactory()

# these attributes are replaced by sqlalchemy.ext.instrumentation
# when a non-standard InstrumentationManager class is first
# used to instrument a class.
instance_state = _default_state_getter = base.instance_state

instance_dict = _default_dict_getter = base.instance_dict

manager_of_class = _default_manager_getter = base.manager_of_class


def register_class(class_):
    """Register class instrumentation.

    Returns the existing or newly created class manager.

    """

    manager = manager_of_class(class_)
    if manager is None:
        manager = _instrumentation_factory.create_manager_for_cls(class_)
    return manager


def unregister_class(class_):
    """Unregister class instrumentation."""

    _instrumentation_factory.unregister(class_)


def is_instrumented(instance, key):
    """Return True if the given attribute on the given instance is
    instrumented by the attributes package.

    This function may be used regardless of instrumentation
    applied directly to the class, i.e. no descriptors are required.

    """
    return manager_of_class(instance.__class__).\
        is_instrumented(key, search=True)


def _generate_init(class_, class_manager):
    """Build an __init__ decorator that triggers ClassManager events."""

    # TODO: we should use the ClassManager's notion of the
    # original '__init__' method, once ClassManager is fixed
    # to always reference that.
    original__init__ = class_.__init__
    assert original__init__

    # Go through some effort here and don't change the user's __init__
    # calling signature, including the unlikely case that it has
    # a return value.
    # FIXME: need to juggle local names to avoid constructor argument
    # clashes.
    func_body = """\
def __init__(%(apply_pos)s):
    new_state = class_manager._new_state_if_none(%(self_arg)s)
    if new_state:
        return new_state._initialize_instance(%(apply_kw)s)
    else:
        return original__init__(%(apply_kw)s)
"""
    func_vars = util.format_argspec_init(original__init__, grouped=False)
    func_text = func_body % func_vars

    if util.py2k:
        func = getattr(original__init__, 'im_func', original__init__)
        func_defaults = getattr(func, 'func_defaults', None)
    else:
        func_defaults = getattr(original__init__, '__defaults__', None)
        func_kw_defaults = getattr(original__init__, '__kwdefaults__', None)

    env = locals().copy()
    exec(func_text, env)
    __init__ = env['__init__']
    __init__.__doc__ = original__init__.__doc__
    __init__._sa_original_init = original__init__

    if func_defaults:
        __init__.__defaults__ = func_defaults
    if not util.py2k and func_kw_defaults:
        __init__.__kwdefaults__ = func_kw_defaults

    return __init__
